CityStories / City Profiles / Small Cities / Norwalk, Connecticut
Forty miles northeast of the City of New York, Norwalk, Connecticut, is located on the Long Island Sound in an area with a long history of oystering. It is a city highly connected to its water source—about 35 percent of the city is water surface—and because of the city's oystering heritage water quality is of paramount concern.
In 2007, Norwalk enacted a stormwater management program to protect the Sound, and installed 45 EnviroSafe modular catch basin filtration systems throughout the city to manage removal of debris, hydrocarbons and bacteria from stormwater runoff in city streets. The filters came thanks to a grant from the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation to protect the area's water integrity, and they remove from runoff all heavy metals and most bacteria and grease.
In addition to 13 square miles of water surface, one-tenth of the city—or 1,400 acres—is green space and parkland. The urban waterfront park, Norwalk State Heritage Park, on the estuary of the Norwalk River, is a unique ecosystem that connects points of interest like the historic district, the Maritime Aquarium and the marina district.
Norwalk has a highly utilized local bus system called Wheels, as well as a number of rail lines—including the New York metro rail and Metro-North Railroad—that allow train commutes for those who work in New York. However, Norwalk has many jobs located within the city, making it more than a bedroom community; it hosts a large presence of number of major companies, including Virgin Atlantic Airways, Pepperidge Farm and Priceline.com.
The EPA's National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System site provides information about applicability, siting and design criteria.
Georgia's Department of Community Affairs has a page on best practices for porous paving.
Portland, Oregon's Bureau of Environmental Service pervious paving projects page.
City of Chicago's permeable paving site with many local examples.
San Francisco Parks Trust permeable landscape page.
Environmental Health Perspectives provides a good overview in "Paving Paradise: The Peril of Impermeable Surfaces."
NRDC's report Stormwater Strategies: Community Responses to Runoff Pollution considers a variety of responses implemented across the country.
US Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation: with a mission to "manage, develop, and protect water and related resources in an environmentally and economically sound manner in the interest of the American public" the bureau provides information about water levels in reservoirs throughout the West, updates on dams, powerplants and related projects and a library of water reclamation materials.
Bureau of Reclamation WaterSMART program: Information on WaterSMART grants for water and energy conservation projects, basin studies with integrated management plans and water supply reviews and details on the Landscape Conservation Cooperatives in the Southwest.
In Hot Water: Water Management Strategies to Weather the Effects of Global Warming (NRDC report)
Water Efficiency Saves Energy (NRDC report)
Las Vegas Water District conservation pages
Southern Nevada Water Authority (SNVA) conservation and rebates
Text of New York's Child Safe Playing Fields Act
Text of Connecticut's ban on pesticide use on school grounds
Cities for Cycling: National Association of City Transportation Officials project to catalog, promote and implement the world's best bicycle transportation practices in American municipalities. Includes several best practices sheets.
Cycling in the Netherlands: Guide to bicycling policies in the Netherlands (pdf)
Fietsberaad: Dutch cycling knowledge center
Bikeability: UK Cycling Proficiency Test
"At the Frontiers of Cycling: Policy Innovations in the Netherlands, Denmark, and Germany." World Transport Policy and Practice, Vol. 13, No. 3, December 2007, pp. 8-57
"How to Get More Bicyclists on the Road: To Boost Urban Bicycling, Figure Out What Women Want." Linda Baker. Scientific American, October 2009.
Bikes Belong: Research Resources
Designing Cities for Bicycle Transportation
Chicago Bike Lane Design Guide (pdf)
Los Angeles Bike Plan Draft, Chapter 5: Technical Design Handbook (pdf)
Minneapolis Bicycle Facility Manual (pdf)
New City York Street Design Manual
New York City's Ninth Avenue Bicycle Path and Complete Street, for ITE (pdf)
Portland Bikeway Design Best Practices, Appendix D
San Francisco Bicycle Plan Update: Supplemental Design Guidelines (pdf)
San Francisco Shared Markings Study (pdf)
London Cycling Design Standards, Transport for London (UK)
Cycling Guidelines and Practical Details Issue 2, Sustrans (UK)
Collection of Cycle Concepts, Danish Road Directorate (Denmark)
Minute, Morning, Month: Keep waterways clean. Help your city address stormwater runoff.
Community Measures to Prevent Beach and Ocean Pollution
Stormwater Strategies: Community Responses to Runoff Pollution
Minute, Morning, Month: Keep water clean. Wash your car on grass or gravel.
Partnerships for Change: Fighting for Green Space
Change Your Commute, Change Your City
Plug and Play: A Q&A with Luke Tonachel on Electric Cars
On Earth: These Roads Were Made for Biking
Greening Advisor: Public Transportation
Clean, Low-Emission, Affordable, New Transportation Act (CLEAN-TEA)
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